Los ntawm kev xav metallurgical, cov khoom ntawm cov hlau yog nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nws qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab nws qhov melting point. Feem ntau hais lus, alloys nrog tib lub lattice qauv muaj lub cev zoo sib xws thaum qhov kub sib txawv no tsis tu ncua. Hauv qab no, peb txheeb xyuas seb cov khoom no hloov pauv li cas ntawm qhov tsis yog -chaw kub.
Tsawg-Tsuas siv kub
Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tawm los lub zog thiab tensile lub zog ntawm lubsoldernce, thaum lub elongation thiab txo ntawm seem txo sharply. Hluav taws xob conductivity nce me ntsis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub sijhawm hloov pauv kub ntawm tin (lub cev -centered cubic lattice) thiab tin (pob zeb diamond lattice) yog 13.2℃. Qhov kev hloov pauv no (allotropic transformation) nyob rau hauv cov khoom hauv lub xeev, tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov hauv atomic kev npaj, ua rau brittleness hauv cov solder. Peb paub tias qhov ceev ntawm tin yog 7.30 g / cm³, thiab qhov ceev ntawm tin yog 4.77 g / cm³. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tin theem hloov, lub ntim nce los ntawm 26%, thiab lub zog yuav luag tag, los yog txawm ploj tag nrho. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog thaum cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qis - qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ntxiv me ntsis ntau dua 0.1% antimony rau lub tin- cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm theem no thiab zam kev poob yam tsis tsim nyog vim muaj xwm txheej npaj txhij txog.
High -Tsub siv
Nyob rau hauv siab -kev siv kub, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau alloy mus txog nws qhov melting point, yog li txo nws lub zog tab sis ua rau nws ductility thiab elongation. Howard H. Mwnko tau piav qhia txog cov qauv qhia txog kev suav cov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb solder alloy rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob:
Tmax - (Tso - Troom) / 1.5 + Troom
(2.1)
Qhov twg:
Tmax - qhov siab tshaj plaws pom zoo ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov hlau;
Troom - chav tsev kub, feem ntau yog 20 degree;
Tso - melting point temperature of the eutectic composition.
Piv txwv li, T ntawm ib lub tin- lead solder nrog ib tug eutectic muaj pes tsawg leeg (Sn37Pb) yog 183 degree, yog li nws max yuav xam tau raws li: Tax=(183 - 20) / 1.5 + 20=128.7 degree
Kom meej meej, tin- cov hlau lead tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv sib txuas ntawm qhov kub lossis chav sov.
Solders nrog Tsawg Thermoelectric Potential
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau daim ntawv thov tau thov kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev ntsuas ntsuas. Ib qho ua rau yuam kev yog qhov thermoelectric peev xwm ntawm tin -raws li solders txheeb ze rau tooj liab. Nrog rau cov tin-cov hlau lead, qhov ntsuas kub muaj peev xwm yog kwv yees li -20µm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 2mm, thiab nrog cadmium{11}}tin solders, nws yog kwv yees li 3µm ntawm qhov sib txawv 4mm. Xws li parasitic thermoelectric tej zaum yuav tsis raug ignored. Yog li ntawd, nyiaj-ntxiv solders tsis ntev los no tau txais yuav.
